With all the concerns related to applied standard chlorination, operators and superintendents are looking for ways to maintain disinfection capability, yet reduce overall byproducts, system vulnerability, and safety and security. This program looks at emerging disinfection technologies, their applications in both water and wastewater, and their comparative utilization to kill and inactivate bugs, reduce byproducts, and maintain system integrity. Operators will examine the practice of chloramination, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid applications, and other oxidation processes like UV/hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's Reaction to maintain disinfection and operations capabilities without the typical issues associated with standard chlorination. We will look to case histories to see hardware needed, chemical dosing requirements, and cost factors and see what it takes to put these alternatives to chlorine to work.